@Farhan, thanks for the suggestions but the problem is not with the log files. We already tried to reinstall the client and deleted registry keys but still no avail.
@Mohammad, Yes, it is the CU (KB2855319). We also installed this on our server. It could be related to our customizations on this particular organization as we also upgraded other organization with the same update but did not encountered any issue. Unfortunately, we don't know how to determine which custom entities or fields is the culprit.